Vrinda Gupta, Ideal Institute of Management and Technology, School of Law, Karkardooma, Delhi Anubhav Jindal, Ideal Institute of Management and Technology, School of Law, Karkardooma, Delhi
ABSTRACT
The employment of toxicology in the legal system is known as forensic toxicology. Because of people's curiosity with poisons, their impact on living things, their discovery in human remains, and their use in legal procedures, toxicology is a blooming field. A interdisciplinary subject called forensic toxicology deals with the identification and analysis of toxins and other potentially harmful substances discovered in human fluids and tissues. In the context of obligatory law, it looks further into the origin of chemical exposure using analytical chemistry instruments, witness testimony, and skillset. Although there is a lot of analytical toxicology involved, it is similar to other fields of toxicology.
The forensic toxicologist makes an effort to ascertain the usefulness of a drug or poison and how much is present in a person before attempting to interpret its significance in the case in question. In forensic toxicology, biological samples (fluids and tissues) are examined to determine the presence and, frequently, the intensity of drugs and poisons. The three main branches of the science are postmortem toxicology, forensic drug testing, and human performance toxicology. Postmortem toxicology perhaps has the strongest historical ties to forensic toxicology among these three categories. Because it is necessary to determine both the qualitative and quantitative properties of drugs and toxins in order to estimate their actions and impacts, forensic toxicology investigations are primarily analytical in nature. By identifying precisely their concentration and interpreting the results, it facilitates investigations of biological tissues and fluids for further existence of poisons and drugs.
The foundation for the relationship between forensic toxicology and the judicial system is forensic medicine. Since drugs and poisons constitute one of the top ten factors that cause mortality worldwide, there is a considerable occurrence of drug-related deaths worldwide. In instances when the affected person has not yet died, forensic toxicologists would remove the affected person's organs for testing in order to identify the true reason of death as well as poisoning. The gastrointestinal contents, plasma or serum, oral fluid, exhaled air, hair, nails, urine, and blood are among the most essential samples that the forensic toxicologist needs to gather for adequate evaluation. Forensic toxicologists should seek for approaches that will increase the accuracy of the course of an investigation.
This research paper gives a thorough overview of forensic toxicology, the specimens that toxicologists use to analyze drug intoxication, the many techniques and tools included in drug testing, the statutes that deal with forensics in India, and the strategy utilized by other nations across the world.
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