Yashika Golchha, B.B.A. LL.B, Kalinga University, Raipur, Chattisgarh.
ABSTRACT
The international convention that establishes a framework for state jurisdiction in maritime spaces is the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) 1982. It grants different legal statuses to different maritime zones and it specifies varying legal statuses for different maritime zones, which are outlined in the convention. It serves as the framework for offshore administration among coastal nations and seafarers. Additionally to zoning the offshore regions of coastal states, it offers detailed instructions on each state's rights and obligations within the concentric zones. Internal waters, territorial sea, contiguous zone, exclusive economic zone, and high seas are the major concentric zones defined by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. An international treaty referred to as the UNCLOS outlines how sea-going vessels should interact with one another and marine resources in regional waters and on the high seas. The high seas are the portions of the world's oceans that are international waters and are not regulated by any one country. The majority of countries around the world have signed onto UNCLOS. Around 168 parties have signed and approved the convention, including UN members and supranational organizations like the European Union. The main goal of this research paper is to present an easily understood overview of jurisdiction of maritime zones internationally with a focus on its origins and statutory framework. This study also aims to highlight the civil and criminal liability, jurisdictions, rights, and duties of the coastal states with contemporary conflicts. Additionally, stating the guidelines and boundaries for using these marine zones in light of various treaty clauses on the international law of the sea.
Keywords: International law, maritime zone, maritime law, concentric zones, coastal states
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