Recalibrating Linguistic Federalism: A Constitutional And Jurisprudential Appraisal Of The Legal Status Of Regional Languages In India
- IJLLR Journal
- 5 days ago
- 1 min read
Rahul Tyagi, B.A. LL.B., Geeta Institute of Law, Affiliated to Kurukshetra University, Panipat, Haryana
ABSTRACT
India’s linguistic diversity is both a hallmark of its cultural heritage and a complex challenge for its legal and constitutional framework. The Indian Constitution recognizes multiple languages under the Eighth Schedule and provides for official language policies under Articles 343 to 351. However, the dynamic interplay between national integration and regional linguistic identity has frequently generated tensions, policy dilemmas, and legal disputes. This research paper critically examines the constitutional position and evolving jurisprudence regarding the legal status of regional languages within the broader framework of Indian federalism.
The paper delves into the foundational provisions that govern language in India, analyses key judicial decisions that have shaped language rights— particularly in the spheres of education, administration, and judiciary—and evaluates the implications of recent legislative and policy developments such as the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020. It also reflects on contemporary controversies including the imposition of Hindi, demands for inclusion of additional languages in the Eighth Schedule, and challenges faced by linguistic minorities.
By drawing comparative insights from multilingual jurisdictions such as Canada and South Africa, the study highlights the need for a more inclusive and flexible approach to linguistic governance. Ultimately, the paper argues for a recalibrated model of linguistic federalism—one that harmonizes national unity with regional autonomy, and constitutional mandates with ground realities.
Keywords: Linguistic federalism, regional languages, Indian Constitution, Eighth Schedule, language rights, NEP 2020, Supreme Court of India.
