Sudesna Sarkar, Megha Dey & Rajarshi Roy Chowdhury, Amity University Kolkata
The terms “Equity” and “Equality” sound very similar but it is different in objective. The term “Equality” means equal treatment and opportunity to every person, be it men, women, transgender, paralyzed, or anything. It is the same for everyone, but “Equity” means recognizing the actual needs and differences of an individual which ensures justice and fairness.1 The definition of "equity" in Jowitt's Dictionary of English Law2 is "fairness or that rule of conduct which, in the opinion of a person or class, ought to be followed by all other persons." The concept of "fairness" is crucial because, in the context of equality, fairness is something that happens to each person, whereas equity more accurately explains the concept by pointing out that each person is unique and calls for distinct methods of encouragement.
Human rights are those privileges that are accorded to people but are not granted by governments. Regardless of gender, age, nationality, ethnicity, race, color, religion, national origin, or any other status, all people have universal fundamental rights. The most fundamental right is "the right to life," which establishes the value of other rights, including the rights to food, shelter, clothing, employment, health, and liberty.3 Discrimination against indigenous people, migrants, minorities, people with disabilities, people of different races and religions, or discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity are all issues that are addressed by the legal framework of international human rights. Slavery, torture, and genocide were accepted as peremptory rules. The inclusion of gender broadens the prescriptive genocidal standards. On December 10th, 1948, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) was ratified. The preamble of this declaration emphasizes that "the foundation of freedom, justice, and peace in the world is recognition of the inherent dignity and the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family."
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