Policing, Violence 3rd Degree And Scientific Interrogation In India

Bhagyashri Rajiv Gandhi, LLB, Shree L.R. Tiwari College of Law

ABSTRACT

In India, "third-degree methods" refer to the use of coercive and sometimes violent tactics by law enforcement officials during interrogation to extract confessions or information from suspects. These methods can include physical abuse, torture, threats, and psychological intimidation. Despite being officially prohibited under Indian law, instances of third-degree methods have been reported, leading to concerns about human rights violations and the integrity of the criminal justice system.

Instances of custodial deaths and torture have been reported across India, raising concerns about police brutality and the use of third-degree methods.The supreme court has declared 'third-degree method' is a clear violation of Article 21 of the constitution. No person shall be convicted of any offense except a violation of a 'law in force' at the time of the commission of the act charged as an offense.

On the other hand, scientific interrogation methods involve the use of evidence-based techniques, forensic analysis, and psychological principles to conduct interviews and gather information from suspects, witnesses, and victims. Scientific interrogation aims to elicit accurate and reliable information while respecting the rights and dignity of individuals.

Efforts have been made in India to promote scientific interrogation practices and to discourage the use of third-degree methods. This includes training programs for law enforcement officials, the establishment of specialized units for forensic investigation and interrogation, and the development of guidelines and protocols for conducting interviews in accordance with legal and ethical standards.