Ishaan Deepak Joshi, MIT-WPU, Faculty of Law
ABSTRACT
Functionalism is widely regarded as one of the fundamental theories in the field of sociology. The concept was introduced by esteemed academics such as Durkheim, who is regarded by many as one of the foremost sociologists in history. Nevertheless, it is imperative to adopt a critical stance when engaging with these theories. This is not only due to the significant transformations that society has undergone since their inception, but also because of the vast and comprehensive body of sociological investigation that has since emerged. This phenomenon enhances our level of knowledge and understanding regarding the world, surpassing our previous state of awareness. Durkheim posited that every structure and institution within society fulfils a significant role which contributes to the maintenance of the prevailing social order. Functionalism acknowledges that individuals' standards, principles, and conduct are shaped by overarching social structures. Furthermore, the functionalist perspective offers a robust rationale for the widespread adherence of individuals to societal laws and norms. Functionalism provides a theoretical framework for comprehending the dual facets of institutional functioning. Social structures play a crucial role in meeting the collective requirements of society, while simultaneously addressing the individual needs of its members. Functionalism, despite its significant influence, has garnered extensive criticism from sociologists representing different theoretical viewpoints.
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