Sai Lakshmi Gudisa, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Law College, Andhra University
ABSTRACT
In many situations, without necessary authorizations, digital technology and the internet ever offer more efficient ways to reproduce and distribute copyrighted works, which paved the way to regulate the laws to empower the copyright owners. The introduction of internet treaties WCT and WPPT through WIPO in 1996 enriched the world technologically. These treaties consist of basic rules for technological adjuncts to protect the copyright considering technological measures and rights management information. Some disagree with this, quoting denial of the established concept of ‘free-use’, reframing it as ‘digital lock-up’. Technological advancement creates hurdles for the protection of creative expressions. Rights Management Information is a database that provides the details of authors and their forms of work. In a short period, any work that was created by someone else can be modified by digital technology. It has become difficult for copyright owners to exercise control over the works they have authored. A pirated version of a digital work can be accessed by many at a time. Sound recordings can be altered to produce a new sound recording that is different from the original one using technology. In national legislation, there has been a wide acceptance for regulating technological measures and rights management information. One of the complexities in the area of implementation of internet treaties is harmonizing the compatibility between ‘limitations and exceptions’ and ‘technological protection measures.’ When content owners create new forms of DRM, infringers find ways to circumvent them even when such acts are considered illegal. “Broadcast” flag a DRM code or a type of watermark is another copyright issue. A technological measure is effective through the application of access control such as encryption, scrambling or other transformation of the work or a copy control mechanism. Recently, Non-Fungible Tokens (NFT) have been ingressed as a copyright protection measure. Some limitations and exceptions make the topic viable under the concept of ‘technological measures’ and ‘fair use’ respectively.
Keywords: Copyright, RMI, DRM, NFT, Fair Use
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