P Sebastian Abraham, Christ Deemed to be University, Bangalore
Dr. PKVS Rama Rao, Christ Deemed to be University, Bangalore
ABSTRACT
Asymmetric federalism in India refers to a system where different states or regions within the country have varying degrees of autonomy, with some regions granted special privileges to address their unique social, economic, or cultural needs. This system is often seen as a response to India's vast diversity, encompassing a wide range of languages, religions, ethnicities, and regional identities. The question of whether asymmetric federalism is primarily a political strategy or a strategy for consolidating political power is a critical one in understanding the functioning of India's federal structure. On one hand, asymmetric federalism can be viewed as a political strategy aimed at maintaining national unity while accommodating regional differences. It allows the central government to grant special privileges to specific states or regions, thus addressing their unique challenges. Examples include the special status granted to Jammu and Kashmir (until its revocation in 2019), and the provisions for tribal areas in states like Assam and Nagaland. Such provisions are intended to foster peace, prevent secessionist movements, and promote equitable development. This paper explores the dual nature of asymmetric federalism in India, analysing its role as both a mechanism for political accommodation and a tool for the central government to maintain control. By examining constitutional provisions, historical developments, and political dynamics, the study aims to offer insights into how asymmetric federalism serves both as a means of managing India’s diversity and as a strategy for preserving political power within the federal structure.
Keywords: Asymmetric Federalism, Political Strategy, Regional Autonomy, Political Power, Indian Federalism
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