Analyzing The Right To Fair Trial Under Article 21 Of The Indian Constitution: A Case Study Of Criminal Trials In Lower Courts

Akshay M, BA LLB, Christ (Deemed To Be University), Bengaluru

ABSTRACT

This research paper delves into the constitutional guarantee of the right to a fair trial as enshrined in Article 21 of the Indian Constitution1. The right to a fair trial forms the bedrock of a just and equitable legal system, and this study specifically investigates its application in the context of criminal trials within the lower courts of India. With an examination of real-world cases and the exploration of the challenges faced in ensuring fair trials, this research contributes to the broader discourse on human rights and legal reforms in India.

The study combines a comprehensive literature review with a case study approach, scrutinizing specific cases to unearth the practical issues and roadblocks that hinder the realization of the right to a fair trial in lower court settings. Common issues such as trial delays, limited access to legal representation, and socio-economic disparities affecting the delivery of justice are explored.

Furthermore, this paper offers potential reforms and policy recommendations that aim to strengthen the protection of this fundamental right. These recommendations encompass procedural improvements, legal aid enhancement, and measures to fortify the independence of the judiciary. By analyzing the real-world challenges faced in criminal trials within lower courts and proposing pragmatic reforms, this research contributes to the ongoing dialogue on safeguarding the right to a fair trial and ensuring access to justice for all citizens in India.

Keywords: Fair Trial, Indian Constitution, Criminal Trials, Legal Reforms, Access to Justice