Irine Elsa Cherian, B.A. LL.B., Kerala Law Academy Law College, India
ABSTRACT
This paper explores the transformative potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in judicial systems, focusing on its impact on decision-making processes and accountability mechanisms. Drawing on theoretical frameworks such as Luhmann's theory of technology and actor-network theory, the study examines the complex interactions between AI and legal contexts. A comprehensive analysis of current AI applications in judicial systems worldwide is presented, including document assembly, case retrieval, and decision support tools, with specific case studies from China and Indonesia. The research critically assesses the challenges associated with AI integration, particularly the transfer of accountability from system developers to judicial users and the ethical concerns surrounding AI opacity and autonomy. The paper highlights potential risks, including algorithmic unfairness, lack of transparency, and threats to judicial integrity and due process. Through comparative analysis, the concept of "black box" justice and the feasibility of AI judges in criminal justice systems are evaluated. The findings emphasize the need for developing new forms of accountability and ethical standards specifically tailored for AI in judicial contexts. The importance of public participation and the representation of human values in AI systems is argued to ensure their responsible integration. The paper concludes by offering recommendations for future development, stressing the importance of a balanced approach that harnesses AI's potential while upholding judicial integrity and accountability.
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence (AI), Judicial Decision-Making, Accountability, Ethical Standards, Algorithmic Fairness
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